Toefl Word List

1. Abate – Verb – To lessen, to subside : azalmak
2. Abet  - V – To help, to aid : yardım etmek
3. Abhor – V – To hate, to detest : nefret etmek
4. Abject – Adj. – miserable, wretched: sefil, perişan
5. Abruptly – Adv.- suddenly, unexpectedly: aniden, beklenmedik bir şekilde
6. Absorbed – Adj.- interested, engrossed: kendini fazlaca bir işe kaptırmış
7. Absurdly – Adverb – Ridiculously, unreasonably
1. The man laughed absurdly and the joke wasn’t even funny.
8. Abundant – Adv.- plentiful: bol
9. Abuse – Verb – To injure, damage or improperly uses
1. It is wrong to abuse animals.
10. Accessible – Adjective – Able to be reached
1. The bus is accessible to all Ann Arbor residents.
11. Accomplice – N – one who aids and abets a criminal: suç ortağı
12. Accost – V- to meet someone and to speak first: yanına gidip konuşmak
13. Accurate –N- correct: doğru
14. Acrid – Adj.-sharp, bitter: keskin , acı
15. Accuracy – Noun – Correct, free from mistake
1. Accuracy is important when you type.
16. Acquire – Verb – To come into possession of, to get
1. I acquired my father’s car after his death.
17. Adapt – Verb – To make fit, often by modification, adjust
1. It is important to adapt your clothing to the weather.        
18. Adjacent – Adjective – Nearby, next to
1. My pen is adjacent to my book.
19. Adjusting – Verb – Changing or resolving to conform
1. I am adjusting my schedule so that I can go on vacation.
20. Administer – Verb – To manage or supervise the use of something
1. I administer the office supplies at work.
21. Adolescent – Noun – The age between puberty and maturity, teenager
1. Adolescents are often sad.
22. Adopt – Verb – To take up or take on by choice
1. You should adopt a new hobby.
23. Adverse – Adjective – To act opposite of a direction
1. Most people learn from adverse situations. 
24. Advocate – Verb – To plead in favor of (Noun – Someone who pleads in favor of)
1. I advocate for animal rights.
25. Affinity – Noun – An attraction
1. I have an affinity for chocolate.
26. Affluent – Adjective – Having an abundance
1. Not many tutors are affluent.
27. Ailment – Noun – A bodily disorder or chronic disease
1. What ailment do you have?

28. Alliance – Noun – Connection, association
1. I have made an alliance with my neighbors.
29. Allot – Verb – To give a portion
1. I will allot 90 minutes to our studies.
30. Amenities – Noun – Something that creates a feeling of comfort or convenience
1. The amenities in the hotel were great!
31. Amicable – Adjective – Peaceful, friendly
1. The divorce was amicable.
32. Amiss – Adjective – Not being right, faulty
1. Something is amiss in this room.
33. Antagonist – Noun – Adversary, opponent
1. Jeff is my antagonist at work.
34. Anticipate – Verb – To give advanced thought, treatment or feeling, to foresee
1. I anticipated your need for sentences.
35. Apathy – Noun – A lack of feeling or emotion, indifference
1. Apathy is common among teenagers.
36. Appalled – Verb – To feel shock or disgust
1. I am appalled by his lack of hygiene.
37. Appease – Verb – To pacify
1. I want to appease the angry man.
38. Aptitude – Noun – Natural ability, tendency
1. You have an aptitude for sports.
39. Aromatic – Adjective – Having a strong smell, fragrant
1. The candles were very aromatic.
40. Assets – Noun – The resources/property of a person, business or association
1. My house is my greatest asset.         
41. Atmospheric – Adjective – Relating to or resembling the air surrounding the earth
1. The atmospheric conditions today make it seem like spring.
42. Attract – Verb – To draw toward oneself
1. My garden attracts many butterflies.
43. Attribute – Noun – An inherent characteristic or quality
1. What is your best attribute?
44. Audible – Adjective – Able to be heard
1. The TV is barely audible, please turn it up.
45. Augment – Verb – To make greater or more intense
1. It is important to augment tutoring with home study time.
46. Autonomous – Adjective – Self governing
1. Our tutoring sessions are autonomous.
47. Averse – Adjective – Undesirable
1. An averse outcome to bad weather is the flu.
48. Avid – Adjective – Characterized by enthusiasm
1. I am an avid pet owner.
49. Aware – Adjective – Having perception, knowledge or watchfulness
1. Are you aware of the noise in this room?
50. Awkwardly – Adverb – Lacking in grace or dexterity
1. I awkwardly introduced myself last night.

51. Behave – Verb – To conduct yourself properly
1. It is important for children to behave in public.
52. Betrayed – Verb – To fail a trust or promise, a traitor
1. Divorce is common if a person is betrayed by their spouse.
53. Binoculars – Noun – An instrument for seeing far off objects
1. You should use binoculars to watch birds.
54. Bipartisan – Adjective – Involving members of two opposing parties
1. Issues like the environment should be bipartisan.
55. Blizzard – Noun – Severe snowstorm
1. We only had one blizzard this winter.
56. Bounce – Verb – To cause to rebound
1. Children like to bounce balls.
57. Boundary – Noun – A separating line, something that indicates fixed limits
1. The US and Canada share a boundary.
58. Bountiful – Adjective – Having a lot, plentiful
1. Trees are bountiful in Ann Arbor.
59. Brief – Adjective – Short length or duration, concise (Noun – official letter/ruling)
1. Give a brief summary of this book.
60. Brink – Noun – The top edge of a steep place
1. I am at the brink of the cliff.
61. Callous – Adjective – Hardened or thick skinned
1. I have a callous on my hand.
62. Capitulate – Verb – To give up or cease resisting
1. I will never capitulate to people who are dishonest.
63. Catastrophic – Adjective – The final dramatic or tragic event
1. The death of a child is catastrophic.
64. Cessation – N – To stop
1. Smoking cessation products are expensive.
65. Chagrin – Noun – Distressed by humiliation, disappointment or failure
1. My dog is chagrin when he gets in trouble.
66. Chore – Noun – A routine task or job
1. Many children have chores around the house.
67. Circumvent – Verb – To avoid or bypass often in decision making
1. Don’t try to circumvent your boss.
68. Citrus – Noun – The group of fruits that includes oranges, lemons, grapefruit, etc.
1. Did you plant that citrus tree?
69. Clarify – Verb – To make understood
1. Let me clarify what I meant.
70. Classified – Verb – To arrange in categories
1. I classified all my clothes by colors.
71. Claustrophobia – Noun – Extreme or abnormal fear of being in small spaces
1. Claustrophobia effects many people.
72. Clientele – Noun – A group of clients
1. My clientele is not rich.

73. Coax – Verb – To gently influence by flattery
1. I tried to coax my dog out in the rain.
74. Collaborate – Verb – To work with others, usually in an intellectual endeavor
1. We should collaborate on the direction of your studies.
75. Collate – Verb – To collect, compile or arrange in order
1. I collated the documents.
76. Combat – Verb – To struggle against or fight
1. I want to combat mosquitoes in my yard.
77. Commendable – Adjective -- Praiseworthy
1. Your work is commendable.
78. Commuter – Noun – Someone in the act of traveling
1. I don’t live in the dorms, I’m a commuter student.
79. Compare – Verb – To examine in order to find similarities and differences
1. You should compare prices when you shop.
80. Compatible – Adjective – Able to exist in harmony
1. Are you and your wife compatible?
81. Compete – Verb – To strive for an object or win, such as position, profit or prize
1. Will you compete in the Olympics this year?
82. Complacent – Adjective – Unconcerned
1. Tutors are not complacent about their teaching.
83. Complement – Noun – Counterpart, something that makes perfect or completes
1. You spouse is your greatest complement.
84. Complexity – Noun – The quality of being complicated
1. The complexity of your vocabulary is impressive.
85. Compliant – Adjective – To conform to another’s wishes, to obey
1. You are a compliant student.
86. Compliment – Noun – A flattering remark, expression of esteem, respect
1. May I compliment you on your food.
87. Component – Noun – A part or piece
1. Only one component on the refrigerator is broken.
88. Comprehendible – Adjective – Able to be understood
1. All these sentences are comprehendible.
89. Concentrate – Verb – To gather or collect focus
1. You must concentrate when the TV is on.
90. Concise – Adjective – Brief or succinct, not detailed
1. Please be concise in explaining your job.
91. Confer – Verb – To consult or come together to compare opinions
1. I will confer with my family before making plans.
92. Confide – Verb – To trust or share secrets
1. You should confide in your spouse.
93. Consensus – Noun – Group agreement on a belief
1. The consensus is that we should not use workbooks.
94. Consequent – Adjective – Following as a result of or effect of
1. My consequent actions are your fault.         

95. Conservative – Adjective – Tending to maintain existing conditions, traditional
1. Republicans are conservatives.
96. Consistent – Adjective – Free from irregularity
1. You must be consistent when you vote.
97. Consolidate – Verb – To unite or join together
1. If partners consolidate their assets, they can often afford early retirement.
98. Consumed – Verb – To eat or drink or use up, often in great quantity
1. I consumed half the cake on my birthday.
99. Contentment – Noun – Free from care or discomfort
1. I am content to own a home.
100. Contrary – Noun – The opposite
1. Contrary to popular belief, not all Americans are Christians.
101. Controversy – Noun – A disagreement, dispute
1. The controversy over gay marriage will be important in November.
102. Council – Noun – A group elected or appointed as an administrative body
1. I am a member of the city council.
103. Counsel – Verb – To advise or give suggestion
1. I would counsel you to attend University of Michigan.
104. Crucial – Adjective -- Essential
1. This is a crucial point in your lesson.
105. Cuisine – Noun – A style of cooking
1. I enjoy restaurants that serve Italian cuisine.
106. Culminate – Verb – To reach a decisive point
1. Our lesson will culminate in improving your English.
107. Currently – Adverb – Happening now
1. Currently, I have only 3 students.
108. Cynical – Adjective – An attitude that is distrustful of life and human nature
1. I am not a cynical person.

109.                     Damage – Noun – Loss or harm resulting from injury to person, property or reputation

a.       Please don’t damage the library book.

110. Debris – Noun – The remains of something broken down or destroyed; ruins
1. Carry the debris out to the garbage.
111. Decade – Noun – A period of ten years
1. It has been a decade since I’ve seen my friend.
112. Deceased – Adjective – Not living
1. My father is deceased.
113. Deed – Noun – A notable act, a feat
1. My deeds will make me famous.
114. Deficiency – Noun – Not up to the normal standard, defective, inadequate
1. His deficiency is well known.
115. Deliberately – Adjective -- Intentionally
1. I did not deliberately drop the box.
116. Dependent – Adjective – Relying on another for support
1. I am not dependent on anyone.
117. Deplorable – Adjective – Bad or awful
1. His deplorable actions caused a fight.
118. Despite – Preposition – In spite of or without regard to
1. Despite my worry, nothing bad happened.
119. Detrimental – Adjective – Harmful
1. Cocaine is detrimental to your health.
120. Devastate – Verb – To ruin or reduce to chaos
1. War devastated my home town.
121. Devised – Verb – To plot or invent
1. We must devise a way to win the election.
122. Dilemma – Noun – A choice or situation involving equally unsatisfactory alternatives
1. You will have a dilemma if you are accepted to two schools.
123. Diligent – Adjective – Earnest, steady effort
1. I will be diligent in studying for the TOEFL.
124. Direct – Verb – To show, point out or encourage to move
1. Please direct me to the bathroom.
125. Disconcerting – Adjective – Upset or lose composure
1. It is disconcerting that diligence doesn’t always help.
126. Dispense – Verb – To give out a portion
1. Please dispense the papers to the class.
127. Disperse – Verb – To spread, break up or distribute
1. Please disperse these seeds in the garden.
128. Disposal – Noun – To have on hand or available
1. Diet Pepsi is always at my disposal.
129. Disreputable – Adjective – Having a negative reputation
1. Many employers are disreputable.
130. Dissent – Verb – To differ in opinion
1. There was dissent among the employees.
131. Dissolve – Verb – To make into a solution, to melt
1. Dissolve the powder in water before serving.
132. Donate – Verb – To make a gift, most often to a public or charitable cause
1. Do you donate your time as a volunteer?
133. Drag – Verb – To pull slowly or heavily
1. I had to drag myself out of bed this morning.
134. Easygoing – Adjective – Comfortable, unhurried, taking life easy
1. I appreciate easygoing people.
135. Elapse – Verb – To pass or slip away
1. The time elapsed to bring the felon to justice.
136. Elicit – Verb – To draw out or request
1. I will elicit information from the employees.
137. Eliminate – Verb – To get rid of
1. You should eliminate all worry from your mind or you won’t get any sleep.
138. Emigrate – Verb – To leave one’s home or country for a life elsewhere
1. I emigrated from Turkey.
139. Encroach – Verb – To advance past the usual limits, to trespass
1. The border of Israel is encroaching upon Palastine.
140. Enhance – Verb – To make greater
1. I want to enhance my vocabulary.
141. Entice – Verb – To tempt, arouse hope or desire
1. Can I entice you to buy cookies?
142. Equitable – Adjective – Exhibiting fairness
1. My pay is not equitable to the other employees.
143. Escalate – Verb – To increase in volume or intensity
1. I don’t want our argument to escalate.
144. Evasive – Adjective – Tending to avoid
1. Criminals are evasive.
145. Exceed – Verb – To go above or beyond the expected limit
1. The total exceeds my ability to pay.
146. Excluded – Verb – To stop from participating

a.       Women are excluded from being Priest.

147. Exhilaration – Noun – Feeling of extreme excitement
1. I was exhilarated during the last football game.
148. Explicit – Adjective – Unreserved and unambiguous, free from vagueness
1. I was explicit in my directions.
149. Extravagant – Adjective – Excessively elaborate
1. I made an extravagant purchase today.
150. Fad – Noun – A practice or interest followed for a short time with exaggerated
1. enthusiasm
2. These jeans are a fad.
151. Fee – Noun – A fixed charge for an item or service
1. There is a fee for the taxi.
152. Ferocious – Adjective – Exhibiting fierceness and the potential for violence
1. Few dogs are ferocious.
153. Fierce – Adjective – Aggressive, vehement
1. We had a fierce discussion about the President’s decision.
154. Flirtatious – Adjective – Inclined to show superficial interest or liking
1. My husband is not flirtatious.
155. Formerly – Adverb – Previously
1. I formerly lived in Ann Arbor.
156. Forte – Noun – One’s strong point or niche
1. The game of poker is not my forte.

157. Forthcoming – Adjective – About to appear
1. My ideas are forthcoming.
158. Frugal – Adjective – Economically spending resources
1. I am very frugal with my money.
159. Furnace – Noun – A mechanical device in a home which produces heat
1. My furnace has never broken down.
160. Futile – Adjective – Of no useful purpose
1. It is futile to try and save this animal.
161. Gourmet – Noun – An expert in food and wine
1. He is a French gourmet.
162. Gracious – Adjective – Marked by kindness and courtesy
1. Your invitation was very gracious.
163. Grievous – Adjective – Serious, grave, oppressive
1. Many customers have grievous concerns about this restaurant.
164. Habitat – Noun – The place or type of area where a plant or animal normally lives
1. The wolf’s habitat is being distroyed.
165. Halt – Verb – To stop
1. The deputy told me to halt before putting on the handcuffs.
166. Hazardous – Adjective – Risky or potentially dangerous
1. Driving can be hazardous in the winter.
167. Humble – Adjective – Not proud, not arrogant
1. The humble person often learns the most.
168. Illicit – Adjective – Outside the law
1. Do you sell illicit drugs?
169. Illiterate – Adjective – Unable to read or write
1. How many adults are illiterate in your country?
170. Illusion – Noun – A misleading image or vision
1. There is an illusion that all Americans are wealthy.
171. Immigrate – V- To enter and become established, often in a country where you are
1.       I want to immigrate to the Hungary.
172. Immobile – Adjective – Unable to move
1. You should stay immobile while I throw this knife.
173. Immodest – Adjective – Indecent, not dressing or behaving in the proper way
1. When you dress immodestly, men get the wrong idea.
174. Impartial – Adjective – Not biased, treating all equally
1. It is important to have an impartial judge.
175. Impasse – Noun – A problem with no obvious conclusion
1. We came to an impasse at the meeting.
176. Impediment – Noun – Something that interferes or slows progress
1. A boyfriend can be an impediment to studying.
177. Implement – Verb – To accomplish or carry out
1. I would like to implement a new rule.
178. Implicit – Adjective – Being without doubt or reserve, unquestioning
1. Honesty is an implicit aspect of my character.
179. Imply – Verb – To express indirectly
1. Are you implying that I lied?
180. Inadequate – Adjective – Not sufficient
1. I feel my explanation was inadequate.
181. Incalculable – Adjective – Not able to predict
1. There is an incalculable cost to legalizing abortion.
182. Incapable – Adjective – Lacking ability
1. I am incapable of learning Chinese.
183. Incentive – Noun – Something that encourages an action or behavior
1. I’ll give you an incentive to do a better job.
184. Incessant – Adjective – Continuous without interruption
1. The garrulous woman spoke incessantly.
185. Incoherent – Adjective – Disorganized, lacking in continuity, unable to understand
1. If you are very sick, you may become incoherent.
186. Incompetent – Adjective – Not effective, inadequate
1. I am not incompetent.
187. Indicative – Adjective – Serving as a sign or symbol
1. A cough is indicative of a cold.
188. Inept – Adjective – Unfit, lacking in fitness or aptitude, incompetent
1. My secretary is very inept.
189. Inequitable – Adjective -- Unfair
1. The pay raise was inequitable.
190. Inevitable – Adjective – Unable to be avoided or evaded
1. It is inevitable that you will die.
191. Infallible – Adjective – Incapable of error
1. The Bible is said to be infallible.
192. Infection – Noun – Contamination often resulting from injury
1. I do not have an infection.
193. Infringe – Verb – To encroach or trespass
1. I don’t want to infringe on your space, but can I set my pop here?
194. Infuriate – Verb – To make extremely angry
1. My son infuriates me when he comes home late.
195. Initiate – Verb – To facilitate the beginning of
1. I will initiate you into Washtenaw Literacy.
196. Insert – Verb – To put, add or thrust in
1. I’d like to insert one idea.
197. Instability – Noun – Being not permanent, reliable or consistent; easily collapsed
1. Instability in a building can be caused by fire or earthquake.

198. Insurgent – Noun – A person who revolts against an established authority
1. The insurgent killed many police.
199. Intend – Verb – Signify or mean
1. I intend to complain to your manager.
200. Interacting – Verb – To act on each other
1. I enjoy interacting with people from other countries.
201. Interim – Adverb – Temporary, the time between two things
1. In the interim, I will read.
202. Interrupt – Verb – To stop by breaking in
1. I don’t mean to interrupt, but can I ask a question now?
203. Intimate – Adjective – Close association, contact or familiarity
1. My friends know the most intimate details of my life.
204. Intricate – Adjective – Complicated; having many parts
1. Your necklace is very intricate!
205. Inundate – Verb – To overwhelm or overflow
1. I am inundated at work so won’t be home until late tonight.
206. Invincible – Adjective – Unable to be conquered
1. Many heroes seem invincible.
207. Irreparable – Adjective – Not able to fix
1. You have done irreparable damage to the car.
208. Judicious – Adverb – Having or exercising careful thinking or opinion
1. Use a judicious amount of garlic when cooking.
209. Lack – Verb – To be without
1. I lack the skill to connect the electricity in the house.
210. Landlord – Noun – The owner of a property which is rented
1. My landlord is very fair.
211. Landmark – Noun – A conspicuous object on land that marks a place
1. The Quad is a landmark on campus.
212. Lease – Noun – The contract showing a rental agreement
1. Do you have a lease for your apartment?
213. Legislate – Verb – To make or enact laws
1. We often legislate moral decisions.
214. Lenient – Adjective – Of mild or tolerant disposition
1. My parents were very lenient when I was young.
215. Litigation – Noun – A legal contest
1. Litigation is very expensive.
216. Lobster – Noun – Edible seafood with big claws

a.       I love lobster ravioli.

217. Longevity – Noun – The length of life
1. Longevity can be increased by proper diet and exercise.
218. Lucrative – Adjective – Producing well, profitable
1. A career in law is very lucrative.
219. Mature – Adjective – Beyond the growth phase of life; ripe; adult
1. The tree is not mature yet.
220. Meander – Verb – To wander
1. I like to meander when I shop.
221. Mediocre – Adjective – Of average quality; ordinary
1. It is better to be bad at something than mediocre.
222. Militant – Adjective – Actively aggressive; combative
1. Some countries are more militant than others.
223. Monosyllabic – Adjective – One syllable, conspicuously brief
1. Teenagers will often use monosyllabic speech.
224. Monotheist – Noun – A person who believes in one God
1. Many religions are monotheistic.
225. Multilingual – Adjective – Having more than one language
1. Did you receive a multilingual education?
226. Negate – Verb – To deny the truth or existence of
1. I don’t want to negate you idea, but it is wrong.
227. Negligent – Adjective – Typically careless or deficient in performing duties 
1. I was negligent in not adding more water to the pot.
228. Nevertheless – Adverb – In spite of, however
1. Nevertheless, I like bright colors.
229. Nonchalant – Adjective – Unworried, unconcerned
1. I don’t know how you can be so nonchalant about your score.
230. Notorious – Adjective – Generally known and talked about; implies negative
1. My father was notorious for his wit.
231. Obituary – Noun – The notice of a person’s death, usually includes a short biographical
1. account
2. Did you read the obituary in today’s paper?
232. Obnoxious – Adjective -- Disgusting
1. My neighbor is so obnoxious.
233. Observe – Verb – To inspect or take note of
1. Did you observe the man stealing the money?
234. Occur – Verb – To take place or happen
1. It occurred on April 5^th, 1975.
235. Ostentatious – Adjective – Often engaging in a showy or conspicuous display
1. The jewelry is very ostentatious.
236. Ought – Auxiliary Verb – Used to express obligation
1. You ought to rake your lawn this week.
237. Overdo – Verb – To do in excess
1. Don’t overdo it when you are sick.
238. Overgrown – Verb – To grow or expand beyond the normal limits
1. The bush is overgrown.
239. Pace – Verb – To proceed at a measured speed
1. Be sure to pace yourself or you will run out of energy before you have completed
2. the task.
240. Palatial – Adjective – Magnificent, suitable to a palace
1. Weber’s is a palatial hotel.
241. Pamper – Verb – To treat with extreme care and attention
1. You should pamper children when they are sick.

242. Panacea – Noun – A cure all; a remedy for all difficulties
1. Money is not a panacea.
243. Paramount – Adjective – Superior to all others; supreme
1. The paramount hotel in Ann Arbor is Weber’s.
244. Participants – Noun – People who take part in an activity
1. Participants in English class are often happy.
245. Permeate – Verb – To spread throughout
1. The odor of garlic permeates the kitchen when you cook.
246. Pertinent – Adjective – Having importance or clear relevance
1. This idea is not pertinent to our problem.
247. Placidly – Adverb – Free from interruption or disturbance; quietly
1. I placidly waited for the bus.
248. Polytheist – Noun – A person who believes in multiple Gods
1. Few people are polytheists.
249. Potency – Noun – Being forceful or powerful
1. The potency of my soup has not been tasted.
250. Potpourri – Noun – A scented mixture of flowers, herbs and spices
1. Do you like potpourri?
251. Precedence – Noun – The priority of importance
1. There is no precedence for giving you vacation.
252. Predecessor – Noun – The person who previously occupied a position or office
1. My predecessor was a good organizer.
253. Predicament – Noun – A difficult, confusing or trying situation
1. My predicament is causing me to lose sleep at night.
254. Predict – Verb – To foretell or declare in advance
1. I often can predict the weather.
255. Pride – Noun – A reasonable or justifiable self respect
1. Pride can be unbecoming.
256. Processing – Verb – Gradual changing to produce a particular result
1. I am processing your request.
257. Profound – Adjective – Having intellectual depth and insight
1. This idea is profound.
258. Prohibit – Verb – To forbid by authority
1. You should prohibit the children from jumping on the bed.
259. Prolific – Adjective – Productive or fruitful
1. He is a prolific writer.
260. Proponents – Noun – One who argues in favor of something; advocate
1. I am a proponent of animal rights.
261. Propose – Verb – To offer up a suggestion
1. I’d like to propose a solution.
262. Rapport – Noun – A relationship marked by comfort and harmony
1. I have a good rapport with my relatives.
263. Ravage – Verb – To be violent and destructive
1. My dog ravaged my garden this summer.
264. Receive – Verb – To acquire or come into the possession of
1. Did you receive my email?
265. Refer – Verb – To have a connection to; related
1. You should refer him to your manager.
266. Reimbursement – Noun – To repay someone for the equivalent amount spent
1. I expect reimbursement for these expenses.
267. Rejuvenating – Verb – To restore to a younger or newer state
1. A bath can be very rejuvenating.
268. Relentless – Adjective -- Persistent
1. My cat is relentless when she wants attention.
269. Resilient – Adjective – Tending to recover or adjust easily; capable of withstanding
1. shock
2. Children are very resilient.
270. Reverberate – Verb – To echo
1. The sound reverberates in my room.
271. Roots – Noun – The original source or underground part of a plant or tree
1. The roots of the tree are huge.
272. Rudimentary – Adjective – Consisting of the first or primary principles
1. Spelling is rudimentary to writing.
273. Ruthless – Adjective – Having no compassion for the misery of others; without
1. sympathy
2. My boss is ruthless in his business practices.

274.                     Sage – Noun/Adjective – Someone who is wise through reflection/experience

a.       In all your sage knowledge, what is the meaning of life?

275.                     Sane – Adjective – Antonym of crazy

a.       The crazy man said, “you are wrong, I am sane!”

276.                     Sardonic – Adjective – Mocking; disdainfully humorous; sarcastic

a.       I don’t appreciate your sardonic joke!

277.                     Scold – Verb – To rebuke or reproach; to find fault in words

a.       I scolded my daughter for telling a lie.

278.                     Screwdriver – Noun – A hand held tool

a.       Give me a screwdriver to fix this box.

279.                     Segregation – Noun – The separation or isolation of people based on race, class

a.       or ethnic group

b.      Segregation has been illegal in the US since the fifties.

280.                     Semblance – Noun – The outward appearance of

a.       There is a semblance of order in most classrooms.

281.                     Skeptical – Adjective – Characterized by an attitude of doubt or uncertainty

a.       I am skeptical of all “get rich quick” deals.

282.                     Soaring – Verb -- Flying

a.       The soaring bird was very graceful.

283.                     Solidify – Verb – To make solid, compact or hard

a.       We will solidify our relationship by marrying.

284.                     Stereotype – Noun – A general opinion of members of a particular group that

a.       represents an oversimplified attitude

b.      The stereotype of Americans is that we are all rich.

285.                     Stirred – Verb – A slight movement that mixes, agitates or provokes

a.       Please stir the ingredients in this bowl.

286.                     Strenuously – Adjective – Vigorously active; calls for stamina

a.       I strenuously object to your use of vocabulary.

287.                     Submissive – Adjective – Submitting to others; tame

a.       Most woman are expected to be submissive to their husbands.

288.                     Subtle – Adjective – A small difference; delicate

a.       The subtle taste of pork in the dinner was overlooked.

289.                     Suffice – Verb – To satisfy a need; to be sufficient

a.       Suffice it to say, you have worked hard to pass toefl.

290.                     Superficial – Adjective – Of or relating to the surface; shallow

a.       My relationship with him is very superficial.

291.                     Superstition – Noun – A belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear, trust in

a.       magic or chance

b.      Many Americans believe the superstition that 13 is an unlucky number.

292.                     Synopsis – Noun – A condensed version

a.       Please give a synopsis of the book you read.

293.                     Taint – Verb – To spoil or corrupt

a.       The cheese tastes tainted.

294.                     Temporary – Adjective – Lasting a short time; opposite of permanent

a.       My job is only temporary.

295.                     Tenacious – Adjective – Strong or tough; not easily distracted or confused

a.       Many wild animals are tenacious.

296.                     Timid – Adjective – Lacking in boldness or self confidence

a.       Many children are timid around adults.

297.                     Tolerate – Verb – To endure without injury or contradiction

a.       I will not tolerate your behavior.

298.                     Transplant – Verb – To remove from one place and settle in to another

a.       I need to transplant this tree to another spot in the yard.

299.                     Treat – Verb – To deal with or handle

a.       I will treat you with respect only if you respect me.

300.                     Tremble – Verb – To shake or shiver involuntarily

a.       When I am frightened, I tremble.

301.                     Tremendous – Adjective – Astonishing by reason of extreme greatness,

a.       excellence, size or power

b.      You have made me tremendously happy.

302.                     Ultimately – Adverb – In the end; finally

a.       Ultimately, you will learn English.

303.                     Uncompromising – Adjective – Inflexible; not willing to make concessions

a.       I am uncompromising in my expectations that you study at home.

304.                     Unerring – Adjective – Without mistakes; faultless

a.       Many people believe the bible is unerring.

305.                     Unilateral – Adjective – Done by one person or party

a.       The US often makes unilateral decisions.

306.                     Unlikely – Adjective -- Improbable

a.       It is unlikely to have two car accidents in one week.

307.                     Urban – Adjective – Of or relating to the city

a.       I live in an urban area.

308.                     Vague – Adjective – Not clearly defined; not having a precise meaning

a.       There is a vague difference between “vague” and “subtle”.

309.                     Vast – Adjective – Great in size, amount or degree

a.       The US is vast.

310.                     Vehement – Adjective – Intensely emotional

a.       I am vehement about freedom of speech.

311.                     Versatility – Noun – The quality of being able to change quickly

a.       Versatility is important in business.

312.                     Vogue – Noun – That which is fashionable or popular

a.       This outfit is very vogue.  I wonder if it will be popular in two years?

313.                     Volatile – Adjective – Tending to erupt in violence

a.       Relationships between rival sports teams can be volatile.

314.                     Wholesome – Adjective – Good or sound in body, mind or morals

a.       This TV show is very wholesome.

315.                     Widespread – Adjective – Widely spread out; greatly diffused

a.       There was widespread damage from the forest fires.

316.                     Wield – Verb – To handle or manage

a.       My boss wields power like an insane person.

317.                     Wonders – Noun – Anything that causes astonishment or admiration

a.       There are many wonders to see in the Turkey.

318.                     Worker – Noun – A person who is paid for manual labor

a.       I am a worker at an assembly plant in Galatasaray.

319.                     Zeal – Noun – Eager and ardent interest in pursuit of something; passion

a.       There is zeal for missionary work at many churches.

Çilek Değil Portakal

Sayın Başkan Ünal Aysal'ın geçen transfer döneminden beridir söylediği pastamızın üzerine çilek dediği transfer yine gerçekleşemedi, belki ilerleyen haftalarda gerçekleşir, umarız!

Geçen sene Galatasaray'ın elinde lezzetli bir pasta vardı, sürekli bu pastadan imal edip, rakiplerine yediriyordu. Daha hoş görünsün diye bir çilek gerekliydi ama gel gelelimki bu sene o pastanın imalatında sorun var. Çilek gelmedi, gelmeyebilir ama var olan katmanlı tadı güzel pastaya ne oldu diye sormak gerekir. Pastanın ilk katmanı ( Muslera ) hala sağlam, ikinci katmanın görüntüsü tam bir rezalet, bu kötü görüntü aşağı katmanın güzelliğini bozuyor, üçüncü katmanın görüntüsü bazen güzel bazen de bütün pastayı tek başına kötü göstermeye yeterli. Dördüncü katman senenin başında iyi görüntü verdi ama sonra o da bozulmaya başladı diğer katmanlarının kötü yapısına ayak uydurdu. Bu pastanın üzerine çilek almak saçma olurdu zaten deyip en iyisi biz üçüncü katmana biraz PORTAKAL alalım da görüntüyü biraz güzelleştirsin  hem de bize biraz krema (tribünlerdeki seyirci sayısı ve forma satışı artışı ) arttırsın fikriyle alındı.

İyi mi oldu bu portakal peki?
Üçüncü katman durarak oynuyordu pas alışveriş sayısı ve topa sahip olma yüzdesi giderek düşmekteydi , bu ikisini de sağlayacak bir portakal , görünen çok mantıklı bir alım. Ama eldeki pastaya nasıl uyum sağlar belli olmaz. Kim bilir belki kısa zamanda çürümeye yüz tutar ve anca portakal suyu olur.

Başka Nereye Meyve Şart?
İkinci katmanın acilen ortasına ve soluna alımlar yapmalı ki alınan portakalın tadı ortaya çıksın, artık hangi meyve olur bilinmez ama alt tabakayı sağlam tutacak güçlü alımlar gerek.

Geçen sene üretilen güzel, tatlı pasta bu sene tekrardan yaratılmaya çalışılıyor, oysaki herkes daha lezzetli bir pasta bekliyordu bu sene başında. Taraftarlar elde edilen güzel sonuçlarda, kötü pastadan güzel tat almış gibi yaptılar. Bunun son bulup taraftarların pastadan zevk alarak yemesi dileğiyle.

Amaç Ne Bize Göre?

Dünyanın manyetik alanı , oluşum sürecinde belli bir düzene göre yönlenmiştir ve bu yüzden dünya bir nevi mıknatıs özelliği gösterir . Bu özellik çok da yabancısı olmadığımız pusulanın temel prensibidir ve bu sayede pusula sürtünme ile yüklenmiş bir metal telin sürtünmesi az bir ortamda kuzey - güney doğrultusunu gösterir . Çinliler tarafından M.S 100 yılında icat edilmesi keşfedilen ilk sensör gibi görünmektedir , tam olarak bilinmemekle beraber . 

Galileo , Fahrenheit , Celsus , Kelvin derken sıcaklık sensörü , Torricelli , Pascal ve Boyle ile basınç sensörü , Dee Horton ve Lew Hewitt ile hareket sensörü ve diğer araştırmalarla birlikte envai çeşit sensör bulunmuştur . Günümüzde ise bu sensörleri o sektör içinde değilseniz , hemen hemen her dakika kullanıyorsunuzdur da farkında değilsinizdir . Günümüz akıllı telefonlarının içinde bir çok farklı çeşit sensörler bulunmakta . Örneğin , ışık sensörü ekranın parlaklığı için çalışıyor , ivme sensörü oyunlarda ve uygulamalarda işlev görüyor . Bunlardan farklı olarak GPS ile yolumuzu istediğimiz zaman bulabiliyoruz . Bu sensörler yeterli olmamış ki Japonlar oturmuş düşünmüşler ne düşüneceklerini bilmeden , bir şey bulamadıkları anda farkına varmış olsalar gerek ki o anda dışarıdan biri kimse yok diye o ortamın ışığını söndürmüş büyük ihtimalle , işte o saniyede bi Japon bu ışık sönmesin demiş biz buradayken ve çalışmaya koyulmuşlar . İnsan algılayan sensör bulalım daha önceden yürümek gibi hareketlerimize duyarlıyken şimdi de nefes almak gibi davranışlarımızın minimum seviyede olduğu anda bile algılayabilsin bizi demişler ve sonra bulmuşlar çözüm yolunu .

Bu sensörün en önemli özelliği sıcaklıktan etkilenmiyor olması . En güzel yani ise yatak içerisinde bile bizi fark edebiliyor olması .  Japonlar bunu yatak içerisinde de kitap okuyabilmeleri için geliştirmiştir diye düşünmekle birlikte emin de değilim farklı amaçları olabilir ! 

Japonlar durmuyor ve bunu halka sunmak için de araştırmalar yapıyorlar ve ilk olarak akıllarına güvenlik kameraları ve hastaneler geliyor . Güvenlik kameralarının boş boş çalışmasındansa artık  sadece insan geçerken kayıt yapması sağlanabilir . Bu sayede kaliteli ve temiz görüntü kaydı tutulabilineceği saptanıyor . Hastanelerde ise hasta başında boşuna beklenme olmasın , boş durmasın insanlar diye hareketsiz yatan bir hastanın ilk hareketi gözlemleniyor olacak kısa zamanda . 

Çalışma şekli için de örnek bir şekil  ve diğer sıradan sensör teknoloji ile kıyaslamasını yapmışlar .

Japonlar bunu Türkiye'ye satacağını varsayarsak acaba hangileri kullanılıyor olacak?

Türkiye'deki uygulama alanının çok kısıtlı olacağını düşünüyorum .

Yatak içerisinde ışığın açık olmasını sevmeyiz , iki kişiden biri büyük olasılıkla rahatsız olur bu durumdan ve o sensör yerinden çıkartılır .

 Güvenlik kameralarında ise sokakta kedi , köpek çok olduğu için bizim sensörler onları kesin algılar tasarruf falan da edemeyiz , boşuna merak uyandırtır kamera başındakilere .

Hastanelerde ise yaşlı teyze ve amcaların zaten yapacak bir işleri olmadığını belirtip hasta başında bekleyip oraya gelenlerle sürekli dertleşme maksadıyla bulunmasını engelleyecek bir davranış ise fazlasıyla tepki toplayacağı için hasta başında beklemeler engellenemez .

Türkiye'ye uygun gibi görünmese de hala bunun satış pazarı küçümsenemeyecek kadar büyük ülkemizde . Herhangi bir alışveriş merkezine gittiğimizde ya da bir kafenin lavabosuna uğradığımızda çoğu zaman evimizdeki rahatı bulamayız . Bunun en büyük sebebi ise bu harekete duyarlı sensörün bizim çok fazla hareket etmediğimiz yaklaşık 10 saniye gibi bir sürede bizim gitmiş olduğumuzu varsayarak kapanması rahatımızı bozup , hareket ettirtmeye zorlamakta ne yazıkki bizi ya da apartman dairesi önünde zaten zor bağlamakta olduğumuz ayakkabı bağcığını bağlarken aniden ortam karanlıklaşır , etrafında birisi yoksa dış ses ile küfür edilir , yabancı birileri varsa iç ses kullanılıp küfür etmek suretiyle ayağa kalkılır , el - kol hareketi yapılır ve sensörün bizi yeniden tanıması sağlanır , bundan sonra da klasik bir şekilde "hay aksi bu lamba" denilirken yabancının yüzüne hafifçe bir tebessümle bakılır , durum çaktırılmadan ayakkabı bağlanmaya devam edilir ve olay unutulur . Ama artık bunlara son vereceğiz otururken bile bir şeyler bulan çalışkan uzak doğulu arkadaşlarımız sayesinde . "Teşekkürler onlara" diyerek bizi düşünüp bizim rahatımızı daha çok artırmalarını diliyoruz ve bekliyoruz .

Yer Çekim Kuvveti

Bir çok farklı yöntemle enerjinin kullanıldığı günümüzde yer çekimi kuvveti kullanılarak da lambaya enerji sağlanmış .

 Başlangıçta yardım amaçlı görünmek için 1000 tane lamba Hindistanda ve Afrikanın bazı ülkelerinde karanlıkta yaşayan insanlar için dağıtılacak peki geri kalanı nasıl sahip olacak bu led lambaya? İngilizler sömüre dursun biz bu çekim kuvvetinden nasıl lambanın çalıştığına bakalım .

Led ışıktan çıkan iplere bağlı bir çuval/torba bulunmakta , bunun içine kum , toprak , taş artık ne bulursan koyuyorsun , kaç kilo koyulacağı belirtilmemekle birlikte makara sisteminin tam olarak nasıl çalıştığı açıklanmadı . Bataryanın  nasıl dolduracağı ya da sürekli ardı ardına ağırlığı bırakıp koyarsak bu ışık kaynağının makarasına hemen kullanımla durumu olup olmadığını bilemiyoruz . Tek bildiğimiz 30 dakika boyunca bu ışık kaynağından yararlanabileceğimiz .

Yer çekimi kuvveti gibi sürekli sahip olunan bir kuvvetin masrafsız olması en büyük avantajları , sloganları da zaten güneş enerjisini kullanmak çok pahalı hadi bunu kullanalım gibisinden . Pazarlama payını arttırmak için  fener, radyo gibi çok fazla güç gerektirmeyecek basit aletlere de besleme yapılabilir hale getirilmiş .

Bu sistemin geliştirilebilitesi çok yüksek , makara sistemini biraz daha değiştirip , ipin uzunluğunu arttırıp yüksek bir yere montajı yapılırsa , kısacası ağırlığı artırılan bir sistemi taşırsa bu cihaz çok verimli olarak gece çalışmalarında kullanılabilir. Onlar yapa dursun biz de her zamanki gibi videodan izleyelim gelişmeleri :